www.zyxel.comwww.zyxel.comP-660HN-TxA802.11n Wireless ADSL2+ 4-port GatewayCopyright © 2010 ZyXEL Communications CorporationFirmware Version 3.40Editi
Contents OverviewP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide10
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide100address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unl
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide101probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network topology.Both RIP-2B and RIP-2M
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide102
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide103CHAPTER 8 Wireless LAN8.1 Overview This chapter describes how to perform tasks related to setting up and optimizing your
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide104You don’t necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your wireless connection. For example,
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide105• What wireless standards do the other wireless devices in your network support (IEEE 802.11g, for e
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide106The following table describes the labels in this screen.8.2.1 No SecurityIn the Network > Wireles
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide107Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your ZyXEL Device, your network is accessible to
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide108The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.8.2.3 WPA(2)-PSKUse th
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1098.2.4 WPA(2) AuthenticationUse this screen to configure and enable WPA or WPA2 authentication. Clic
Table of ContentsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide11Table of ContentsAbout This User's Guide...
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1108.2.5 Wireless LAN Advanced SetupUse this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Click the
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide111Output Power Set the output power of the ZyXEL Device. If there is a high density of APs in an area,
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1128.2.6 MAC Filter Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s MAC filter settings. Click the Edi
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1138.3 The More AP ScreenThis screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (B
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1148.3.1 More AP EditUse this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in th
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1158.4 The WPS ScreenUse this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your ZyXEL Device.WPS
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1168.5 The WPS Station ScreenUse this screen to set up a WPS wireless network using either Push Button
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide117The following table describes the labels in this screen.8.6 The WDS ScreenAn AP using the Wireless
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide118Click Network > Wireless LAN > WDS. The following screen displays.Figure 54 Network > Wire
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1198.7 The Scheduling ScreenUse the wireless LAN scheduling to configure the days you want to enable o
Table of ContentsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide123.2 The Status Screen ...
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1208.8 Wireless LAN Technical ReferenceThis section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more informat
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide121The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use t
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1228.8.2 Additional Wireless TermsThe following table describes some wireless network terms and acronym
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide123These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide124You can use the MAC address filter to tell the ZyXEL Device which devices are allowed or not allowed
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide125For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users do no
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide126and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is enabled, wireless station A and B
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1278.8.7 Wireless Distribution System (WDS)The ZyXEL Device can act as a wireless network bridge and e
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1288.8.8.1 Push Button ConfigurationWPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a butt
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide129Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router (refe
Table of ContentsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide136.4.2 Multiplexing ...
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide130The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connectin
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide131The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a W
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1328.8.8.4 Example WPS Network SetupThis section shows how security settings are distributed in an exam
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide133point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the
Chapter 8 Wireless LANP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide134• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one d
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide135CHAPTER 9 Network Address Translation(NAT)9.1 OverviewThis chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyXEL Device. NA
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide136NATIn the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1379.2 The NAT General Setup ScreenUse this screen to activate NAT. Click Network
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1389.3 The Port Forwarding ScreenNote: This screen is available only when you sele
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide139Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example)Let's say you want to
Table of ContentsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide148.4 The WPS Screen ...
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide140The following table describes the fields in this screen.Table 42 Network >
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1419.3.2 The Port Forwarding Rule Edit ScreenUse this screen to edit a port forwa
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1429.4 The Address Mapping ScreenNote: The Address Mapping screen is available onl
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide143The following table describes the fields in this screen.Table 44 Network >
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1449.4.1 The Address Mapping Rule Edit ScreenUse this screen to edit an address ma
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1459.5 The ALG ScreenSome NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1469.6 NAT Technical ReferenceThis chapter contains more information regarding NAT
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide147outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Many-to-One and Many-to-Ma
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1489.6.4 NAT ApplicationThe following figure illustrates a possible NAT applicatio
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide149Port numbers do NOT change for One-to-One and Many-to-Many No Overload NAT mapp
Table of ContentsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1511.1.1 What You Can Do in the Filter Screens ...
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide150
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide151CHAPTER 10 Firewall10.1 OverviewThis chapter shows you how to enable the ZyXEL Device firewall. Use the firewall to prote
Chapter 10 FirewallP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide152device or network so users no longer have access to network resources. The ZyXEL Device is pre-configure
Chapter 10 FirewallP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide15310.2 The Firewall ScreenUse this screen to enable firewall and/or SPI. Click Advanced Setup > Firew
Chapter 10 FirewallP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide154
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide155CHAPTER 11 Filters11.1 Overview This chapter introduces three types of filters supported by the ZyXEL Device. You can con
Chapter 11 FiltersP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide15611.2 The URL Filter Screen Use this screen to block websites by URL. Click Security > Filter > URL
Chapter 11 FiltersP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide15711.3 The Application Filter ScreenUse this screen to allow or deny traffic for certain types of applica
Chapter 11 FiltersP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide15811.4 The IP/MAC Filter ScreenUse this screen to create and apply IP/MAC filters. Click Security > Fil
Chapter 11 FiltersP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide159Rule Type Select IP or MAC type to configure the rule.Use the IP Filter to block traffic by IP addresses
Table of ContentsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1616.1 Overview ...
Chapter 11 FiltersP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide160DELETE Click this to remove the filter rule.CANCEL Click this to restore your previously saved settings.T
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide161CHAPTER 12 Static Route12.1 Overview The ZyXEL Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from com
Chapter 12 Static RouteP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide16212.1.1 What You Can Do in the Static Route ScreensUse the Static Route screens (Section 12.2 on pag
Chapter 12 Static RouteP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide16312.2.1 Static Route Edit Use this screen to configure the required information for a static rout
Chapter 12 Static RouteP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide164
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide165CHAPTER 13 802.1Q/1P13.1 OverviewThis chapter describes how to configure the 802.1Q/1P settings.A Virtual Local Area Netw
Chapter 13 802.1Q/1PP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide166IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANTagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLA
Chapter 13 802.1Q/1PP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide167Note: If the WAN interface in the VLAN group is not the default router, you need to create a static ro
Chapter 13 802.1Q/1PP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide16813.2.1 Editing 802.1Q/1P Group SettingUse this screen to configure the settings for each VLAN group.In
Chapter 13 802.1Q/1PP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide16913.3 The 802.1Q/1P Port Setting ScreenUse this screen to configure the PVID for each port. Click Adva
Table of ContentsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1721.1.1 What You Can Do in the Tool Screens ...
Chapter 13 802.1Q/1PP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide170The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 57 Advanced > 802.1Q/1P > Port
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide171CHAPTER 14 Quality of Service (QoS)14.1 OverviewUse the QoS screen to set up your ZyXEL Device to use QoS for traffic man
Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide172these two classes are assigned priority queue based on the internal QoS mapping table on
Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide17314.2 The QoS Screen Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and have the ZyXEL Device
Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide174The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 58 Advanced Setup >
Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide17514.2.1 The QoS Settings Summary Screen Use this screen to display a summary of rules a
Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide176The following table describes the labels in this screen. 14.3 QoS Technical ReferenceT
Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide17714.3.2 IP PrecedenceSimilar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP p
Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1783 3 1 001110001100001010001000250~11004 4 2 0101100101000100100100005 5 3 01111001110001
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide179CHAPTER 15 Dynamic DNS Setup15.1 Overview Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or ma
Table of ContentsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide18
Chapter 15 Dynamic DNS SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide18015.2 The Dynamic DNS ScreenUse this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s DDNS. Click Advanced
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide181CHAPTER 16 Remote Management16.1 OverviewRemote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access wh
Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide182when another remote management session of higher priority starts. The priorities for the differ
Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide183Remote Management and NATWhen NAT is enabled:• Use the ZyXEL Device’s WAN IP address when conf
Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide184The following table describes the labels in this screen.16.3 The Telnet ScreenYou can use Teln
Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide185The following table describes the labels in this screen.16.4 The FTP Screen You can use FTP (
Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide186The following table describes the labels in this screen. 16.5 The SNMP ScreenSimple Network Ma
Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide187An SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager. An agen
Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide18816.6 The DNS Screen Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP
Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide18916.7 The ICMP ScreenTo change your ZyXEL Device’s security settings, click Advanced > Remo
19PART IUser’s Guide
Chapter 16 Remote ManagementP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide190
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide191CHAPTER 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)17.1 OverviewUniversal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking st
Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide192Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and
Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide19317.2 The UPnP ScreenUse the following screen to configure the UPnP settings on y
Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide19417.3 Installing UPnP in Windows ExampleThis section shows how to install UPnP in
Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1953 In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in t
Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1963 In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select Op
Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1975 In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box
Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1982 Right-click the icon and select Properties. Network Co nnections3 In the Interne
Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide1994 You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mapp
Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2006 Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An ico
Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2013 Select My Network Places under Other Places. Network Co nnections4 An icon with
Chapter 17 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2025 Right-click on the icon for your ZyXEL Device and select Invoke. The web configu
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide203CHAPTER 18 CWMP18.1 OverviewThe ZyXEL Device supports TR-069 Amendment 1 (CPE WAN Management Protocol Release 2.0) and T
Chapter 18 CWMPP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide20418.2 The CWMP Setup ScreenUse this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device to be managed by a management serv
Chapter 18 CWMPP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide205Password The password is used to authenticate the ZyXEL Device when making a connection to the management s
Chapter 18 CWMPP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide206
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide207CHAPTER 19 System Settings19.1 OverviewThis chapter shows you how to configure system related settings, such as system ti
Chapter 19 System SettingsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide208The following table describes the labels in this screen. 19.3 The Time and Date Screen Use this
Chapter 19 System SettingsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide209The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 72 Maintenance > System >
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide21CHAPTER 1 Introduction1.1 OverviewThe P-660HN-TxA is an ADSL2+ router. By integrating DSL and NAT, you are provided with e
Chapter 19 System SettingsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide210Start Date Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you selected Enable Day
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide211CHAPTER 20 Logs20.1 OverviewThis chapter contains information about viewing the ZyXEL Device’s logs.The web configurator
Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide212Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the log is full. Selecting many
Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide21320.3 Log DescriptionsThis section provides descriptions of example log messages. Table 74 System Mainten
Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide214 Successful HTTPS login Someone has logged on to the router's web configurator interface using HTTPS pr
Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide215 Table 77 TCP Reset LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONUnder SYN flood attack, sent TCP RSTThe router sent a TCP
Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide216For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 219. Table 79 ICMP LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONFirewall de
Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide217 For type and code details, see Table 87 on page 219.ppp:LCP Closing The PPP connection’s Link Control Pr
Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide218 NetBIOS TCP The firewall detected a TCP NetBIOS attack.ip spoofing - no routing entry [ TCP | UDP | IGMP |
Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide219 (L to L/ZyXEL Device)LAN to LAN/ZyXEL DeviceACL set for packets traveling from the LAN to the LAN or the Z
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide22• TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your device.1.3 Good Habits
Chapter 20 LogsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide220 The following table shows RFC-2408 ISAKMP payload types that the log displays. Please refer to RFC 2408 for
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide221CHAPTER 21 Tools21.1 OverviewThis chapter explains how to upload new firmware, manage configuration files and restart you
Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide222Do NOT turn off the ZyXEL Device while firmware upload is in progress!Figure 102 Maintenance > Tools &
Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide223The ZyXEL Device automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network disconnect. In some opera
Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide22421.3 The Configuration Screen Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to fact
Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide225Restore Configuration Restore Configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved configuration f
Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide226If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to go back to the Configur
Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide22721.4 The Restart Screen System restart allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device remotely without turning the
Chapter 21 ToolsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide228
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide229CHAPTER 22 Diagnostic22.1 OverviewThese read-only screens display information to help you identify problems with the ZyXE
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide23You can also configure firewall and filtering feature on the ZyXEL Device for secure Internet access.
Chapter 22 DiagnosticP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide230The following table describes the fields in this screen. 22.3 The DSL Line Screen Use this screen to
Chapter 22 DiagnosticP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide231The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 93 Maintenance > Diagnostic >
Chapter 22 DiagnosticP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide232DSL Line StatusClick this to view statistics about the DSL connections.noise margin downstream is the
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide233CHAPTER 23 TroubleshootingThis chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential proble
Chapter 23 TroubleshootingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2342 Check the hardware connections.3 Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace
Chapter 23 TroubleshootingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide235• If you changed the IP address (Section 7.2 on page 91), use the new IP address.• If you change
Chapter 23 TroubleshootingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide236I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to upload new fi
Chapter 23 TroubleshootingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide237The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.1 There might be a lot of traffic on the network
Chapter 23 TroubleshootingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide238
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide239CHAPTER 24 Product SpecificationsThe following tables summarize the ZyXEL Device’s hardware and firmware features.24.1 Ha
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide243 Select your country from the Channel Selection list. See Section 8.2 on page 105 for details.4 Click
Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide240Default Admin Password1234DHCP Server IP Pool 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.64 Static DHCP Add
Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide241Firewall Your device has a stateful inspection firewall with DoS (Denial of Service) prot
Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide242ADSL Standards Support Multi-Mode standard (ANSI T1.413, Issue 2; G.dmt (G.992.1); G.lite
Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide24324.3 Wireless Features Other Protocol SupportSIP pass-throughDNS ProxyDynamic DNS (www.d
Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide244The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the Zy
Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide245RFC 2516 A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE)RFC 2684 Multiprotocol Encaps
Chapter 24 Product SpecificationsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide24624.4 Power Adaptor SpecificationsTable 98 ZyXEL Device Series Power Adaptor Specificati
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide247APPENDIX A Setting up Your Computer’s IPAddressAll computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP inst
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide248Windows 95/98/MeClick Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the N
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2493 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.4 Select TCP/IP from the
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide253 Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the ZyXEL Device. The WPS/WLAN L
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2503 Click the DNS Configuration tab.• If you do not know your DNS information
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide251Windows 2000/NT/XPThe following example figures use the default Windows XP
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2523 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.Figure 120
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide253• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automaticall
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide254•Click OK when finished.Figure 123 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide255If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2561 Click the Start icon, Control Panel.Figure 125 Windows Vista: Start Men
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2574 Click Manage network connections.Figure 128 Windows Vista: Network and
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2586 Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.Figure
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide259•Click Advanced.Figure 131 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (T
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide26Refer to the Quick Start Guide for information on hardware connections. 1.7 The RESET ButtonIf you fo
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide260•Click OK when finished.Figure 132 Windows Vista: Advanced TCP/IP Propert
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide261If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide262Macintosh OS 8/9 1 Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2632 Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list.Figure 135 Macintos
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide264Macintosh OS X1 Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide265•From the Configure box, select Manually.• Type your IP address in the IP
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2662 Double-click on the profile of the network card you wish to configure. Th
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2676 Click the Activate button to apply the changes. The following screen dis
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide268• If you have a static IP address, enter static in the BOOTPROTO= field. Ty
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide269Verifying SettingsEnter ifconfig in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide271.7.1 Using the Reset Button1 Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).2 To set the device back
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide270
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide271APPENDIX B IP Addresses and SubnettingThis appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify indivi
Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide272The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192
Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide273By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginnin
Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide274NotationSince the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left,
Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide275The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 148 Subn
Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide276In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 –
Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide277Example: Eight SubnetsSimilarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001
Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide278Subnet PlanningThe following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with
Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide279addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet ma
Chapter 1 IntroductionP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide28
Appendix B IP Addresses and SubnettingP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide280
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide281APPENDIX C Pop-up Windows, JavaScriptsand Java PermissionsIn order to use the web configurator you need to allow:• Web bro
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2821 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2832 Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.Fi
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2844 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2851 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2866 Click OK to close the window.Figure 155 Security Settings -
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2875 Click OK to close the window.Figure 156 Security Settings -
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide2883 Click OK to close the window.Figure 157 Java (Sun)Mozilla Fi
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide289Click Content.to show the screen below. Select the check boxes
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide29CHAPTER 2 The Web Configurator2.1 OverviewThe web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy devi
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java PermissionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide290
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide291APPENDIX D Wireless LANsWireless LAN TopologiesThis section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.Ad
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide292with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired net
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide293An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide294hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide295Fragmentation ThresholdA Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 an
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide296several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data r
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide297IEEE 802.1xIn June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide298• Access-ChallengeSent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide299However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the
About This User's GuideP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide3About This User's GuideIntended AudienceThis manual is intended for people who want to con
Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide304 A password screen displays. To access the administrative web configurator and manage the ZyX
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide300Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeThe AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide301If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whethe
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide302keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP)User A
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide3034 The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and managem
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide3044 The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information excha
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide305Antenna OverviewAn antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sen
Appendix D Wireless LANsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide306• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The cov
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide307APPENDIX E ServicesThe following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers.•
Appendix E ServicesP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide308Table 114 Examples of ServicesNAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTIONAH (IPSEC_TUNNEL)User-Defined 51 The IP
Appendix E ServicesP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide309MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol. NetBIOS TCP/UDPTCP/UDP
Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide316 Select Go to Wizard setup and click Apply to display the wizard main screen. Otherwise, sel
Appendix E ServicesP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide310SFTP TCP 115 The Simple File Transfer Protocol is an old way of transferring files between computers.SMT
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide311APPENDIX F Legal InformationCopyrightCopyright © 2010 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.The contents of this publication
Appendix F Legal InformationP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide312• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause unde
Appendix F Legal InformationP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide313本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。 減少電磁波影響,請妥適使用。 Notices Changes or modifications not expressly app
Appendix F Legal InformationP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide314purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any ki
IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide315IndexNumerics802.1p 175, 176802.1Q/1P 165activation 166group settings 168port settings 169priority 165PVC 166PVID 170t
IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide316Command Line Interface, see CLIcompatibility, WDS 117configurationbackup 224CWMP 204DHCP 93firewalls 153IP alias 96IP
IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide317LAND attack 152Ping of Death 152status 37SYN attack 151firmware 221version 36forwarding ports 136, 138activation 141co
IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide318MBS 78, 83, 87MBSSID 126MTU 78, 83multicast 74, 78, 90, 92, 101IGMPInternet Group Multicast Protocol, see IGMPMultiple
IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide319RRADIUS 297message types 297messages 297shared secret key 298RADIUS server 124reauthentication, WPA 109registrationpro
Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide32As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:• A - title bar• B - navigat
IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide320firmware 221version 36LED 25passwords 30administrator 208reset 26status 32, 35firewalls 37LAN 36WAN 36wireless LAN 36t
IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide321passwords 30WEP 107, 125key 108Wide Area Network, see WANWi-Fi Protected Access 300WiFi Protected Setup, see WPSwirele
IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide322
IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide323
IndexP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide324
Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide33Wireless LAN AP Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN authenticatio
Chapter 2 The Web ConfiguratorP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide342.2.3 Main WindowThe main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discuss
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide35CHAPTER 3 Status Screens3.1 OverviewUse the Status screens to look at the current status of the device, system resources,
Chapter 3 Status ScreensP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide36Each field is described in the following table.Table 4 Status ScreenLABEL DESCRIPTIONRefresh Inter
Chapter 3 Status ScreensP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide37Channel This is the channel number used by the ZyXEL Device now.Security This displays the type of
Chapter 3 Status ScreensP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide38Status This field indicates whether or not the ZyXEL Device is using the interface.For the DSL inter
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide39CHAPTER 4 Tutorials4.1 OverviewThis chapter shows you how to use the ZyXEL Device’s various features.• Setting Up a Secure
About This User's GuideP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide4• Download LibrarySearch for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read th
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide404.2.1 Configuring the Wireless Network SettingsThis example uses the following parameters to set up a wi
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide41Thomas can now use the WPS feature to establish a wireless connection between his notebook and the ZyXEL
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide424 Push and hold the WPS button located on the ZyXEL Device’s rear panel for more than 5 seconds. Alternat
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide43The following figure shows you an example of how to set up a wireless network and its security by pressi
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide44PIN ConfigurationWhen you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both the ZyXEL Device’s web c
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide45The following figure shows you how to set up a wireless network and its security on a ZyXEL Device and a
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide464.2.3 Without WPSUse the wireless adapter’s utility installed on the notebook to search for the “Example
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide472 Configure the screen as follows. Turn on the wireless network from Mondays to Fridays between 18:00 an
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide481 Click Network > LAN > Client List to open the following screen. Look for the MAC address of Josep
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide493 Select Active MAC Filter and Deny Filter Action. Enter the MAC address you found in the Client List sc
Document ConventionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide5Document ConventionsWarnings and NotesThese are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide. W
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide50network), the traffic is sent to the ZyXEL Device’s WAN default gateway by default. In this case, B will
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide51To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2:1 Log into the ZyXEL Device’s Web Configurato
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide524.5 Multiple Public and Private IP Address MappingsIf your ISP gives you more than one static IP address
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide534.5.1 Full Feature NAT + Many-to-Many No Overload MappingUse this setting if your applications can use
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide54• Global IP addresses: 172.16.1.253 ~ 172.16.1.254Then click Apply.4.5.2 Full Feature NAT + One-to-One M
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide553 Click the Address Mapping tab, click the Edit icon on a new rule.4 Configure two rules for the one-to-
Chapter 4 TutorialsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide56In Figure 9, three WAN connections are configured over the ADSL line:• The connection with VPI/VCI, 0/33,
57PART IITechnical Reference
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide59CHAPTER 5 Internet and Wireless SetupWizard5.1 OverviewUse the wizard setup screens to configure your system for Internet
Document ConventionsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide6Icons Used in FiguresFigures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The ZyXEL Device i
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide602 Click INTERNET/WIRELESS SETUP to configure the system for Internet access and
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide613b The following screen displays if a PPPoE or PPPoA connection is detected. En
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide625.2.1 Manual Configuration1 If the ZyXEL Device fails to detect your DSL connec
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide632 The next wizard screen varies depending on what mode and encapsulation type y
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide64The following table describes the fields in this screen.Figure 17 Internet Co
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide65The following table describes the fields in this screen.Figure 18 Internet Co
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide66The following table describes the fields in this screen.Figure 19 Internet Con
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide67The following table describes the fields in this screen.• If the user name and/
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide685.3 Wireless Connection Wizard SetupAfter you configure the Internet access inf
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide693 Configure your wireless settings in this screen. Click Next.Figure 24 Wirel
Safety WarningsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide7Safety Warnings• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.•
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide70Note: The wireless stations and ZyXEL Device must use the same SSID, channel ID
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide715.3.2 Manually Assign a WEP KeyChoose Manually assign a WEP key to setup WEP E
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup WizardP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide726 Use the read-only summary table to check whether what you have configured is c
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide73CHAPTER 6 WAN Setup6.1 OverviewThis chapter describes how to configure WAN settings from the WAN screens. Use these screen
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide74they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication.WAN IP Addres
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide756.2 The Internet Access Setup ScreenUse this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s WAN settings. Click N
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide76GeneralMode Select Routing (default) from the drop-down list box if your ISP gives you one IP address onl
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide776.2.1 Advanced Internet Access Setup Use this screen to edit your ZyXEL Device's advanced WAN sett
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide78The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 17 Network > WAN > Internet Acces
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide796.3 The More Connections ScreenThe ZyXEL Device allows you to configure more than one Internet access c
Safety WarningsP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide8
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide806.3.1 More Connections EditUse this screen to configure a connection. Click the edit icon in the More Co
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide81The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 19 Network > WAN > More Conn
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide826.3.2 Configuring More Connections Advanced Setup Use this screen to edit your ZyXEL Device's advan
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide83The following table describes the labels in this screen. 6.4 WAN Technical ReferenceThis section provid
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide846.4.1.1 ENET ENCAPThe MAC Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) is only implemented with the I
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide85method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual circuit (VC-based multiplexing)
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide86IP Assignment with RFC 1483 EncapsulationIn this case the IP address assignment must be static.IP Assignm
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide87Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the maximum
Chapter 6 WAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide88The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely contro
P-660HN-TxA User’s Guide89CHAPTER 7 LAN Setup7.1 OverviewA Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many networking device
Contents OverviewP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide9Contents OverviewUser’s Guide ...
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide907.1.2 What You Need To Know About LANIP AddressIP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Ev
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide91Finding Out MoreSee Section 7.6 on page 97 for technical background information on LANs.7.1.3 Before Yo
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide92The following table describes the fields in this screen. 7.2.1 The Advanced LAN IP Setup Screen Use thi
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide937.3 The DHCP Setup ScreenUse this screen to configure the DNS server information that the ZyXEL Device
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide947.4 The Client List ScreenThis table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide957.5 The IP Alias ScreenIP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical netwo
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide96The following figure shows a LAN divided into subnets A, B, and C.Figure 40 Physical Network & Part
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide977.6 LAN Technical ReferenceThis section provides some technical background information about the topics
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide987.6.1 LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL DeviceThe actual physical connection determines whether the ZyXEL Device
Chapter 7 LAN SetupP-660HN-TxA User’s Guide99• The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign
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